Aloe hahnii
Aloe hahnii Gideon F.Sm. & R.R.Klopper
Family: Asphodelaceae
Common names: Soutpansberg aloe, Soutpansberg soap aloe (Eng.); Soutpansberg-bontaalwyn (Afr.); tshikhopha-tshituku (Ven.)
Introduction
Aloe hahnii is a small, slow-growing, single-stemmed aloe, with a short stem, succulent leaves and red, white and green flowers. It occurs in the mistbelt region and is found only in the Soutpansberg Centre of Endemism, on the Soutpansberg and Blouberg mountains in Limpopo Province.
Description
Description
A herbaceous, succulent, perennial that grows up to 1 m tall. Leaves are succulent, the upper surface is dull pale green to brown, with whitish spots, the lower surface is pale green with dense whitish spots in bands, the margin is toothed. The leaves are 130–400 mm long and 40–60 mm wide, and form lax rosettes. Flowers are about 30 mm long, the perianth is tri-coloured, mainly glossy red with creamy white and green tips; they are arranged in rounded clusters, on a branched inflorescence, 0.26–1 m tall. Flowering time is in winter, June to July. The fruit is an oblong to cylindrical capsule releasing small winged seeds.
Aloe hahnii is different from Aloe swynnertonii because of its shorter bracts, pedicel and perianth, and flowers that are glossy red and have rounded bulbous (swollen) bases. It can be distinguished from Aloe vogtsii, by the latter having buds that are horizontally borne in more elongated heads, whereas the buds of Aloe hahnii are erect to spreading. Aloe hahnii and A. vogtsii both grow in the central regions of the Soutpansberg mistbelt.
Conservation Status
Status
Aloe hahnii is assessed as Near Threatened (NT) on the Red List of South African Plants. It is under threat because about 30% of its habitat has been lost, due to forestry plantations, crop cultivation, rural settlements, and fruit orchards in the eastern side of the Soutpansberg. On the western side, the population of this species is not threatened as they occur in private protected conservancies. There is also the threat of mining in the Blouberg.
Distribution and habitat
Distribution description
Aloe hahnii is only found in Limpopo Province in the northen part of South Africa, where it occurs on the Soutpansberg and Blouberg, in the misbelt region at altitudes between 1 000 to 2 050 m, growing in grassland and on forest margins, sometimes in full shade in low closed woodland in the western Soutpansberg, in sandy soil. It is estimated that it is found in more than 20 locations, but due to habitat loss and degradation it occurs mostly in the eastern parts. The Soutpansberg and Blouberg mountain region is known as the Soutpansberg Centre of Endemism, it contains Afromontane forest patches among bushveld and thicket vegetation with grasslands and fynbos-type vegetation in the mist belt, and is home to an estimated 3 000 species of flowering plants, about 45 of which, including Aloe hahnii, are endemic to this area.
Derivation of name and historical aspects
History
The genus name Aloe is derived from the Semitic word alloeh which means ‘bitter’, and the word refers to the bitter yellow juice that is released from the leaves when cut. This species is named after Dr Norbert Hahn, an expert on the flora of the Soutpansberg. He established that Aloe hahnii is a distinct species, previously the Aloe hahnii plants on the Blouberg were considered to be Aloe maculata and those on the Soutpansberg were thought to be Aloe swynnertonii.
The genus Aloe belongs in the Asphodelaceae, the name of this plant family is derived from the European asphodel, which has an inflorescence vaguely resembling those of aloes.
Ecology
Ecology
Aloe hahnii starts flowering in late summer (February) and continues through autumn (March-April) into winter (June-July). Aloe flowers attract bees, insects and sunbirds that feed on the nectar and pollen. The fruits are green, when they are ripe the capsule opens and seeds disperse on the ground. The seeds are brown when they are dry. This aloe falls under the group of spotted aloes which are adapted to grassland and forest margins.
Uses
Use
Many aloes are used for cosmetics and medicine; this aloe is mainly used for medicine. The roots and leaves of Aloe hahnii are used by Vhavenda people for the treatment of redwater (mali) in cattle. Roots are soaked in hot water or cooked to produce a decoction. Leaves can be used fresh or dried, fresh leaves are crushed and mixed with hot water while dried leaves are finely ground, and the powder is mixed with hot water.
Aloes are also used for landscaping, in many settings, such as water wise gardens, as feature plants, for texture and structure in the garden, for winter colour, and in containers around swimming pools or on patios.
Growing Aloe hahnii
Grow
In its natural habitat, Aloe hahnii grows in a sandy soil in grassland, on forest margins and sometimes in full shade in a low closed woodland. This makes it fairly adaptable in the garden, where it can be grown in the full sun or semi-shade as long as it is planted in well-drained, sandy soil.
Aloes can be propagated using both sexual (seeds) and asexual (cuttings) propagation methods. At Thohoyandou National Botanical Garden sexual propagation of Aloe hahnii is done using washed river sand. Sow seeds in a seedling tray filled with washed river sand and cover with a very thin layer of washed river sand, water the seeds to keep the medium moist. Seeds will germinate after 3-4 weeks. Once seeds have germinated transplanting should be done after 3 to 4 months into a growth medium mixture of 75% sand and 25% of potting soil. The transplanted seedling are placed in a nursery that receives full sun.
Asexual propagation of Aloe hahnii seems to be difficult, different growth media have been used with no success of rooting at Thohoyandou National Botanical Garden.
Aloe hahnii is prone to white scale and rust. Rust forms brown spots on leaves, it is caused by fungus and spoils the appearance of the plant, and it takes time to recover. White scale starts to appear in small numbers, but if not treated they will cover the entire plant and it might die. Treat white scale as soon as it is noticed, with insecticide. In general pests and diseases can be controlled by applying an appropriate pesticide or fungicide. To prevent plants becoming infested, use tools that are sterilized and isolate infested plants. Monitor pests constantly and control them when they are noticed. Isolating infested plants prevents them from infecting others.
References
- Eedes, C. 2023. Observation of Aloe hahnii, Vhembe, Soutpansberg, Limpopo. iNaturalist. Online. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/172506774.
- Hahn, N. 2017. Endemic flora of the Soutpansberg, Blouberg and Makgabeng. South African Journal of Botany 113: 324-336.
- Klopper, R.R. & Smith, G.F.2009. Asphodelaceae: Alooideae: Aloe hahnii, a new species in the Section Pictae, in the Soutpansberg Centre of Endemism, Limpopo Province, South Africa. Bothalia 39(1):98-100.
- Mgwaba, L. 2023. Observation of Aloe hahnii, Lajuma, Soutpansberg, Limpopo. iNaturalist. Online. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/172984108
- Ramovha, I.R. & Van Wyk, A.E. 2016. Ethnoveterinary practices of the Vhavenḓa, South Africa, in the treatment of redwater (mali) in cattle. Indilinga – African Journal of Indigenous Knowledge Systems 15(3).
- Van Wyk, B. & Smith, G.F. 1996. Guide to the aloes of South Africa. Briza Publications, Pretoria.
- Von Staden, L. & Klopper, R.R. 2016. Aloe hahnii. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e.T103634608A104107615. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T103634608A104107615.en. Accessed on 19/02/2024.
- Von Staden, L. & Klopper, R.R. 2019. Aloe hahnii Gideon F.Sm & R.R.Klopper. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2020.1. Accessed on 12/01/2024.
Credits
Thembuluwo Maduwa
Thohoyandou National Botanical Garden
May 2024
Acknowledgements: the author thanks Lindokuhle Mgwaba and Christopher Eedes for allowing the use of their images, via iNaturalist.
Plant Attributes:
Plant Type: Succulent
SA Distribution: Limpopo
Soil type: Sandy, Loam
Flowering season: Autumn, Winter
PH: Acid, Neutral
Flower colour: Red
Aspect: Full Sun, Morning Sun (Semi Shade), Afternoon Sun (Semi Shade)
Gardening skill: Easy
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