Crinum
Crinum lugardiae N.E.Br.
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Common names: veld swamplily, Lugard's crinum (Eng.); veldlelie (Afr.)
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Crinum lineare L.f.
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Common names: Port Elizabeth crinum
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Crinum paludosum I.Verd.
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Common names: bushveld vlei lily
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Crinum moorei Hook. f.
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Common names: Natal lily, Moore's crinum, Ngomi lily, Inanda lily (Eng.); boslelie, Natallelie, Ngomilelie, rivierlelie (Afr.); umnduze (Zulu)
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Crinum macowanii Baker
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Common names: river crinum, river lily, common vlei-lily, Sabie crinum, Cape coast lily (Eng.); rivierlelie, boslelie, Sabielelie (Afr.); intelezi (isiXhosa); umduze (isiZulu)
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Crinum campanulatum Herb.
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Common names: water crinum, marsh lily (Eng.); vleilelie (Afr.)
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Crinum bulbispermum (Burm.f.) Milne-Redh. & Schweick.
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Common names: Orange River lily, Vaal River lily (Eng.); Oranjerivierlelie (Afr.); umnduze (Zulu).
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Crinum L.
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Common names: river lily, veld lily (Eng.); rivierlelie, veldlelie (Afr.); umNduze (Zulu)
Species
C. acaule
A dwarf species with a umbel of one or two (rarely three), comparatively large and fleshy flowers that are strongly scented. The peduncles are underground and therefore the fruit are usually partially buried. The segments are white, with a pink flush, usually keeled with deep pink. The fruit is beaked and the seeds are large, blackish and distinctly papillose. It is a rare endemic to Zululand in KwaZulu-Natal. The puzzling relationships between this species and similar Namibian species needs to be re-examined critically (Archer 1997; Archer & Condy 1999a).
C. bulbispermum orange river lily (Eng.), oranjerivierlelie (Afr.)
Frequently confused with C. macowanii in nurseries, the leaves are greyish green and not the brighter green or less glaucous (pale bluish green) colour characteristic of the latter species. One of the largest of the South African species, the bulb is very large and the sheathing leaves usually form a thick false stem up to 400 mm long, glaucous green. Flowers 5 to 16, the perianth segments form a narrow funnel shape with the apical portion slightly recurved, white with a dark red keel or uniformly pinkish, becoming red as the flowers fade. It occurs on the Highveld of South Africa: Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Free State as well as along the Orange River in the Northern Cape. They can survive high temperatures in summer and well below freezing in winter. This species is very variable in size and particularly in the length of the perianth segments. Some plants with short segments are not at all attractive.
C. campanulatum vleilelie (Afr.)
One of the true aquatic species that needs to be placed under water to flower. Flowers few, up to seven. The perianth is funnel-shaped, segments are white to uniform light pink, becoming deep red in the fading flower. Endemic to a small area in the Eastern Cape.
C. graminicola graslelie (Afr.)
Closely related to C. stulmannii and differs mainly in that its fruit develops faster and is usually beaked. The peduncle is usually relatively short and spreading. Flowers are usually a uniform deep pink colour but many plants have flowers that are white with a prominent, deep pink keel. This species is unusually slow to mature, a minimum of eight years should be expected and it flowers irregularly. Described from Gauteng and the North-West province it also occurs in the northern parts of KwaZulu-Natal. Plants from Limpopo and Botswana may belongs to this species or to C. stuhlmanii.
C. lugardiae veld lily (Eng.); veldlelie (Afr., Du Plessis & Duncan 1989)
Despite its recorded common name, the species is more often recorded in areas adjacent to vleis or areas subjected to brief seasonal flooding. It is an easily grown species (though slow-growing), but adapts well and flowers regularly in a garden. C. lugardiae is smaller, but similar in appearance to C. macowani and they are sometimes confused. Distribution is from Gauteng to Namibia.
C. macowanii Sabie crinum, Cape coast lily (Eng.) umNduze (Zulu)
Particularly suitable for use as a landscape or garden plant. It is probably the easiest species to cultivate owing to the large number of seeds produced and plants can flower within three years in optimum conditions. When flowering between October and December, the large inflorescences with up to 25 large white flowers present a spectacular display (Archer & Condy 1999b).
C. moorei Natal lily (Eng., Du Plessis & Duncan 1989), boslelie (Afr.)
A tall plant with its almost evergreen leaves emerging from a thin pseudostem, is horticulturally most suitable for any garden. This is the only one of the South African species which grows and matures new leaves each season, therefore the leaf tips are neat and not truncated as in the other species. Five to ten flowers are born on a long, erect peduncle. The perianth segments are white or pale pink and form a very wide open funnel, adding to its attraction. In addition, the species prefers shade. In most highveld gardens leaves die off after March and emerge early in July. Flowers emerge in late summer, but plants from Port St Johns in the Eastern Cape are recorded as flowering in September (Batten 1986). It is possible that many of these plants are finding their way into gardens, and plants can now be seen flowering throughout the rainy season. The species occurs in Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal.
C. paludosum
A smaller plant often found in large numbers in vleis. The vlei on the Sandhof Farm in Namibia is a small natural wonder when a million plants are in flower simultaneously. It has a scattered distribution from KwaZulu-Natal and Mozambique, to Namibia. The leaves are light green and gracefully arch outwards 'like young mealies'. Flowers 5 to 11, white to pink, sometimes with a darker pink keel.
C. stuhlmannii candy-striped crinum (Hesse 2001)
Until recently known as C. delagoense or C. forbesii (Archer & Archer 1996; Lehmiller 1997). The species occurs from KwaZulu-Natal to East Africa along the coastal region and along the low-altitude Zambezi and Limpopo Valleys. The species is similar to C. graminicola but with a long erect peduncle and with numerous (up to 30) flowers. The perianth segment usually has a prominent deep pink keel which gave origin to the above-mentioned common name. The fruit is not beaked and the pericarp is thick and fleshy, eventually turning bright red.
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