Englerodaphne ovalifolia
Englerodaphne ovalifolia (Meisn.) E.Phillips
Family: Thymelaeaceae
Common names: broad-leaved fibre-bush (Eng.); breëblaarveselbos (Afr.); uhlosa (isiZulu)
SA Tree No: 517.5
Introduction
Englerodaphne ovalifolia is the only species in the genus with flowers arranged in spikes that fall off soon after flowering, leaving prominent scars.
Description
Description
A moderately branched shrub or small tree, 1–3 m tall, but can grow up to 13 m high. The young branches are covered in fine hairs but become smooth over time. The leaves are ovate-elliptic, with petioles 1.5–2.0 mm long. The upper side of the leaves have sparse fine hairs, while the underside is densely covered in them. The flowers grow in clusters at the ends of branchlets when young, but fall off quickly, leaving prominent scars on the growing rachis. The flowers are greenish-yellow and unscented. The hypanthium (floral cup) is densely covered with fine hairs on the outside and has a persistent basal portion about 2.5–3.5 mm long. The flower lobes are ovate-oblong, glabrous on the top and covered in dense hairs on the bottom. The 4 petal-like scales split almost to the base, the segments are oblong, white with a smooth tip. Plants flower in summer, autumn and early winter, from November to July.
This species can be confused with Englerodaphne pilosa, a lowland species with similar leaves and yellowish green flowers arranged in umbellate inflorescences instead of spikes, that elongate after flowering, and have yellow scale segments with curled margins, making them look like anthers.
Conservation Status
Status
Englerodaphne ovalifolia is currently assessed as Least Concern (LC) by the Red List of South African plants.
Distribution and habitat
Distribution description
Englerodaphne ovalifolia is a species that is not often collected and is endemic to eastern South Africa. It is found in forest patches stretching from Ngome and Ngoye in northern KwaZulu-Natal, through coastal and near-inland areas of KwaZulu-Natal, to Mazeppa Bay in the Eastern Cape. The plant grows as an understorey shrub or tree in dense forests and along forest edges.
Derivation of name and historical aspects
History
The genus name Englerodaphne honours the German botanist Gustav Adolf Engler (1844–1930), who contributed significantly to the classification of plants. Daphne refers to the genus Daphne, a group of flowering plants in the family Thymelaeaceae, which this genus resembles. The specific epithet ovalifolia means ‘oval or broadly elliptic leaves’.
Englerodaphne is an African genus with three species: two found only in southern Africa and one scattered between southern and tropical East Africa. The genus comprises large shrubs or small trees found in forested areas. It stands out from other genera in the subfamily Thymelaeoideae by its opposite, broad, membranous leaves and flower clusters (umbels or spikes) that lack bracts. These flowers have four petals, two-parted petaloid scales, two rows of stamens and a densely hairy ovary. Gnidia, a genus of mainly small shrubs or subshrubs, is similar to Englerodaphne in flower structure but differs in having bract-covered inflorescences and smaller, narrower, leathery leaves.
Ecology
Ecology
Little is known about the ecology of this species.
Uses
Use
Englerodaphne species are not known to have any specific cultural, medicinal or practical uses, but like many plants in forested habitats, they have potential as ornamental plants for shaded areas.
Growing Englerodaphne ovalifolia
Grow
Englerodaphne ovalifolia can be propagated from seeds and cuttings. Seeds should be collected from mature fruits and sown in well-draining, humus-rich soil under warm, humid conditions, while cuttings require a rooting hormone and a moist environment. The plant thrives in loamy or sandy, slightly acidic to neutral soil with moderate moisture and good drainage. It also thrives in partially shaded areas with moderate temperatures and consistent moisture. It requires regular watering and protection from direct midday sun. The plant is well-suited to temperate or subtropical climates.
References
- Boon, Richard. 2010. Pooley's trees of eastern South Africa, a complete guide. Flora & Fauna Publications Trust, Durban.
- Louw, S. 2021. Observation of Englerodaphne ovalifolia, Amatikulu Nature Reserve, KZN. iNaturalist. Online. www.inaturalist.org/observations/89041909.
- Olaniyan, O.D., Van der Bank, M., Boatwright, J.S., Magee, A.R. & Manning, J.C. 2020. A taxonomic revision of Englerodaphne Gilg (Thymelaeaceae: Thymelaeoideae). South African Journal of Botany 130: 348–355.
- Raimondo, D., Von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. & Manyama, P.A. (eds) 2009. Red list of South African plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
- Von Staden, L. 2011. Observation of Englerodaphne ovalifolia, Cwebe Forest, EC. iNaturalist. Online. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/10806571.
- Wursten, B. 2017. Observation of Englerodaphne pilosa, Buffelskloof Nature Reserve, Mpumalanga. iNaturalist. Online. https://www.inaturalist.org/ observations/8693343.
Credits
Thuli Dlamini
National Herbarium, Pretoria
March 2025
Acknowledgements: images by Sharon Louw, Lize von Staden and Bart Wursten.
Plant Attributes:
Plant Type: Shrub, Tree
SA Distribution: Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal
Soil type: Sandy, Loam
Flowering season: Early Summer, Late Summer, Autumn, Winter
PH: Acid, Neutral
Flower colour: Green, White, Yellow
Aspect: Morning Sun (Semi Shade), Afternoon Sun (Semi Shade)
Gardening skill: Average
Special Features:
Horticultural zones



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