Astroloba rubriflora (L.Bolus) Gideon F.Sm. & J.C.Manning can be distinguished by its matt blue-green leaves; by its relatively small divergence angle that causes the five leaf ranks to arrange either vertically or to spiral in the direction of the generative spiral; the long red secund flowers with red to orange lobes, and perianth segments that are not inflated next to midrib and smooth to the touch. It occurs in nutrient-poor soils on rocky slopes or flats and karroid hills in the Robertson Karoo region of the Western Cape. This species flowers in summer, from December to April.

Astroloba congesta (Salm-Dyck) Uitewaal can be distinguished by its smooth, glossy, unadorned yellow-green leaves; the flowers that are born on very short pedicels, with white or cream lobes, and perianth segments that are not inflated next to the midrib and smooth to the touch. Inflorescences are often branched. It occurs in karroid and valley bushveld vegetation in the Eastern Cape, and has the eastern-most distribution range in genus. This species flowers in late spring, from October to November.

Astroloba robusta P.Reineke ex Molteno, Van Jaarsv. & Gideon F.Sm. can be distinguished by its glossy, grey-green leaves, with whitish margins and keel, the leaf surfaces that occasionally have white spots or elongated tubercules and occasionally dark lines; the flowers that are born sessile or almost sessile on extremely short pedicels, with recurved white lobes, and perianth segments that are not inflated next to midrib and smooth to the touch. The stalk (peduncle) of the unbranched inflorescence is very thick and robust, usually with two large striated bracts. This is the most widespread species in the genus, and occurs on shale flats and rocky undulating slopes across the southern Great Karoo in the Western and Eastern Cape. This species flowers in autumn, winter and spring, from May to October.

Astroloba herrei Uitewaal can be distinguished by its leaves that sometimes have faint longitudinal lines; by its relatively small divergence angle that causes the five ranks of leaves to spiral counter to the direction of the generative spiral; the inflorescence that is unbranched, and the flowers that are born on very long pedicels, with yellow lobes, and perianth segments that are inflated next to the midrib and fairly rough to the touch. It occurs in karroid vegetation both north and south east of the Groot Swartberg Mountains in the Western Cape. This species flowers in late spring, from October to November.

Astroloba corrugata N.L.Mey. & Gideon F.Sm. can be distinguished by its small, usually recurved leaves that have a matt surface, with a dense distribution of tiny tubercles and a highly variable phyllotaxis (leaf arrangement); the flowers with cream-coloured or whitish lobes, and perianth segments that are not inflated next to midrib and smooth to the touch. It occurs in karroid and thicket vegetation in the western Little Karoo, and has one of the western-most distribution ranges in the genus. This species flowers from spring to midsummer, September to January.

Astroloba bullulata (Jacq.) Uitewaal can be distinguished by its ovate leaves that have a dull matt surface, usually with transversely arranged tubercles; relatively lacking in leaf fibres; one margin of each leaf losing its identity near the incurved leaf tip that also has a prominent keel; the flowers that are born on thin pedicels, with yellow lobes, and perianth segments that are not inflated next to midrib and smooth to the touch. It occurs on rocky slopes in karroid vegetation in a very cold and arid winter-rainfall part of the Western Cape, and has one of the western-most distribution range in genus. This species flowers in early summer, from November to December.

Astroloba pentagona (Haw.) Uitewaal can be distinguished by its relatively straighter and more erect leaves that have a pale matt surface, with longitudinal lines and sometimes with tubercles arranged longitudinally along the lines; by one margin of each leaf losing its identity near the leaf tip that also has a prominent keel; by the flowers that are born on thin pedicels, with pale yellow lobes, and perianth segments that are not inflated next to midrib and smooth to the touch. It occurs on rocky slopes in karroid vegetation between the Koup and Moordenaars Karoo, as well as the northern foothills of the Klein Swartberg mountains. This species flowers in early to midsummer, from November to January.

Astroloba tenax var. moltenoi Gideon F.Sm. & Van Jaarsv. can be distinguished from A. tenax var. tenax by being more robust and larger in all aspects. It occurs in succulent karoo vegetation northeast of Prince Albert in the Western Cape. This variety flowers in early summer, from November to December.