Buddleja dysophylla
Buddleja dysophylla (Benth.) Radlk.
Family: Scrophulariaceae
Common names: white climbing sagewood (Eng.), witranksaliehout (Afr.); umhlabangubo (isiXhosa)
SA Tree No: 636.3
Introduction
A large, scrambling shrub with showy heads of sweet-scented, white flowers in winter, that are visited by bees and butterflies.
Description
Description
Buddleja dysophylla is a scrambling shrub, occasionally a small tree, that grows up to about 3 m high. Branches are wide spreading, climbing and brittle, with pale brown bark and young growth is often densely hairy. The leaves are simple, broad, petiolate, triangular to ovate, 10–100 mm long and 7–75 mm wide, sparsely hairy on the upper surface and densely covered with greyish to cream or rusty brown hairs on the under surface, the margins irregularly scalloped or toothed.
The flowers are small, about 4 mm long, short-tubed with stamens protuding from the mouth, creamy-white, often with a reddish brown centre, sweetly-scented, and are borne in large, loose heads up to 200 mm wide, at the ends of branches, in autumn, winter and spring (from May to September). The fruit is a cylindrical capsule, about 5 mm long, covered with brownish hairs. The seeds pale brown, flattened, circular.
Conservation Status
Status
Buddleja dysophylla is not threatened, it is assessed as Least Concern (LC) in the Red List of South African Plants.
Distribution and habitat
Distribution description
Distribution of this species ranges from the Eastern Cape province in South Africa to Tanzania in tropical Africa. In South Africa it is found growing along forest margins, in scrub forest, in bush, on rocky mountain slopes and in riverine vegetation in Mpumalanga, KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern Cape.
Derivation of name and historical aspects
History
The genus Buddleja is named after Rev. Adam Buddle (1660-1715) an English amateur botanist and vicar. The species name is derived from Greek, dys, meaning ‘bad, ill, hard, with difficulty’, and phyllon meaning ‘a leaf’, but the reason for the name is unclear. It was first named Nuxia dysophylla by Bentham in 1836, moved into the genus Chilianthus by Bentham in 1846 and then moved into the genus Buddleja by Radlkofer in 1883.
The genus Buddleja belongs in the Scrophulariaceae. It has 111 accepted species that occur in tropical and subtropical America, Africa, Madagascar and Asia, with 7 species in South Africa. The other South African species are Buddleja auriculata, B. glomerata, B. loricata, B. pulchella, B. saligna and B. salviifolia.
Ecology
Ecology
The fragrant flowers of Buddleja dysophylla attract flying insects such as bees and butterflies. The seeds are small, winged and light in weight and are dispersed by wind. This species scrambles and climbs over other shrubs and trees, but when standing alone, it cam form a small tree.
Uses
Use
There are no records of any medicinal or traditional uses for Buddleja dysophylla. It can be planted as a garden ornamental, in a shrubbery, on a pergola, as a windbreak or for screening, and to combat soil erosion.
Growing Buddleja dysophylla
Grow
Buddleja dysophylla easily propagated from semi-hardwood cuttings in summer, or by seed sown in spring or early summer. This is a robust, drought-tolerant species that will survive high temperatures. It is a large, spreading shrub that must be pruned to shape or to keep in check.
References
- Bhengu, L. 2023. Observation of Buddleja dysophylla, Free State NBG, Bloemfontein, Free State. iNaturalist. Online. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/176408813.
- Boon, R. 2010. Pooley's trees of eastern South Africa, a complete guide. Flora & Fauna Publications Trust, Durban.
- Coates Palgrave, K. 1988. Trees of southern Africa, 2nd Edn. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, Johannesburg.
- Encyclopedia of Life. Buddleja dysophylla (Benth.) Phillips. https://eol.org/pages/5641919. Accessed on 14/02/2024.
- Joffe, P. 2001. Creative gardening with indigenous plants. Briza Publications, Pretoria.
- Leeuwenberg, A.J.M. 1979. The Loganiaceae of Africa XVIII. Buddleja L. II. Revision of the African and Asiatic species. Mededelingen Landbouwhogeshool Wageningen, The Netherlands.
- Plants of the World Online. Buddleja dysophylla (Benth.) Radlk. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:545944-1. Accessed 14/02/24
- Plants of the World Online. Buddleja Houst. ex L. https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:25036-1. Accessed 14/02/24.
- Raimondo, D., Von Staden, L., Foden, W., Victor, J.E., Helme, N.A., Turner, R.C., Kamundi, D.A. & Manyama, P.A. (eds) 2009. Red list of South African plants. Strelitzia 25. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria.
- Stearn, W.T. 1992. Stearn’s Dictionary of Plant Names for gardeners. A handbook on the origin and meaning of the botanical names of some cultivated plants. Cassell, UK.
- Van der Merwe. T. 2022. Observation of Buddleja dysophylla, Bivane Dam, KwaZulu-Natal. iNaturalist. Online. https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/144409374.
- Van Wyk, B. & Van Wyk, P. 1997. Field guide to trees of southern Africa. Struik, Cape Town.
Credits
Ofentse Naanyane, Free State National Botanical Garden
and Alice Notten, Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden
March 2024
Acknowledgements: Images by Luyanda Bhengu, Troos van der Merwe and Geoff Nichols
Plant Attributes:
Plant Type: Scrambler, Shrub, Tree
SA Distribution: Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga
Soil type: Loam
Flowering season:
PH:
Flower colour: White
Aspect: Full Sun
Gardening skill: Easy
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