Nerine humilis
Nerine humilis (Jaqu.) Herb.
Family: Amaryllidaceae
Common names: dwarf nerine (Eng.); seeroogblom, berglelie (Afr.)
Introduction
Nerine humilis is a very floriferous, bulbous plant. The flower colour varies from almost white to deep pink, and the petals have distinctive, wavy margins, with stamens and styles curving to the one side. They are easily cultivated, and are ideally suited for container cultivation, making them very popular worldwide.
Description
Description
Dwarf nerines are deciduous bulbs, 150-350 mm tall, with four to six leaves that can be dry or green at flowering and are strap-shaped, spreading and prostrate, up to 10 mm wide, and dull green. The 1-8 flowers are carried in a loose umbel, and appear in autumn, from April to June; they vary from white to deep rose-pink, with darker pink central keels. Each petal has interesting wavy margins, and the flower opens like a hand to expose the stamens and style that all lean to one side, with the style always extending beyond the stamens. In autumn the fruiting head ruptures as it dries, releasing the oval or round-shaped fleshy seeds. When seeds land in sandy areas, they germinate almost immediately. The soft tissue surrounding the seeds acts as a food and moisture supply, allowing seeds to germinate often when still inside the dry fruit capsule.
Nerine humilis grows in colonies and flowers particularly well after veld fires.
This species varies considerably in size and appearance across its wide distribution range. It includes N. breachiae, N. peersii and N. tulbaghensis. The plants in the east are larger, with longer, broader leaves and taller flower stalks, while those from around Tulbagh in the west are much smaller, with narrow linear leaves and short, slender flower stalks.
Conservation Status
Status
Not threatened.
Distribution and habitat
Distribution description
Nerine humilis has a relatively wide distribution and is not a threatened species. It prefers rocky and mountainous areas with loamy and sandy to gravelly soils in full shade or partial sun. It occurs from Clanwilliam (in southern Namaqualand) to Worcester, Bredasdorp, and Montagu to Baviaanskloof in the southern Cape. In the western part of its range, such as in the Tulbagh area of the southwestern Cape, the plants are dwarfs, and these forms are generally very attractive when grown in containers. Being from the winter rainfall region of South Africa, N. humilis is adapted to dry and warm conditions in the summer, as the plants are dormant during this time of the year. Plants also seem to do well in colder regions, but where frost occurs plants are best grown in pots where they can be kept indoors. What is important is that plants should be kept dry in summer, and that they are grown in sunny or partially shaded areas that are kept moist during the active growing season from April to November in the southern hemisphere.
Derivation of name and historical aspects
History
There is a legend that a consignment of Nerine sarniensis bulbs (another Cape species), destined for Holland, washed up on the shores of Guernsey in the Channels Islands in 1659 as a result of a Dutch or English shipwreck, and apparently these plants flourished there. Actually, the plant was originally thought to have been native to Japan! However, it was Francis Masson who was credited with the discovery of the true native habitat of N. sarniensis on Table Mountain during his expedition to the Cape in 1772. It was the cleric and amaryllid expert, Rev. William Herbert (1778-1847), son of Henry Herbert, Earl of Carnavon, who first established the genus Nerine in 1820. He named it for Nerine, a guardian sea nymph sent by the Roman goddess Venus to rescue Vasco da Gama's armada en route to India. By 1821, Herbert had recognised nine species of Nerine, and he was also the first to work in the field of hybridising this horticulturally important genus.
The family name Amaryllidaceae is from Amaryllus who was a pretty shepherdess mentioned by Theocritus, Virgil and Ovid. Edmund Spenser used the name in 1595 for Alice, an ancestress of the Princess of Wales. The species name humilis refers to the low-growing nature of most forms of this species.
The genus Nerine currently consists of 25 species and is closely related to another southern African endemic genus, namely Brunsvigia. There are principally three groups of nerines, namely winter-growing, summer-growing and evergreen species. Other noteworthy members in this family are Amaryllis belladonna, Boophone, Cyrtanthus, and Haemanthus.
Ecology
Ecology
Because these plants undergo a dormant summer period, they are able to survive long, hot and dry spells. Flying insects such as bees and butterflies easily pollinate the striking flowers that raise the stamens above the flower. The seeds are dispersed as the semi-spherical fruiting bodies are blown along the ground by the wind.
Uses
Use
No medicinal uses are recorded for Nerine humilis. The horticultural value of these plants cannot be over-emphasised as they do make extraordinary colour displays in the garden or pot. N. humilis can easily be grown in the open garden provided that the bulbs do not receive general garden irrigation in the summer.
Growing Nerine humilis
Grow
Nerine humilis and N. sarniensis are particularly effective when planted in large groups in rockery pockets. It is best to leave established bulbs untouched for at least five years as they don't like to be disturbed. Only when plants have become too overcrowded and the flowering has deteriorated, should plants be moved and divided. The plants also make excellent container subjects and can be used together with N. sarniensis on a sunny patio, or in sunny window boxes.
Excellent water-holding capacity, as well as perfect drainage of the growing medium, are two of the most important factors when cultivating nerines, especially in containers. Ideally one should use a sandy soil with a little bit of compost and with a slightly acidic pH. For containers, the best soil mix is equal parts of river sand, silica sand and finely sifted compost. The bulbs of N. humilis can be planted with their necks slightly above, or at soil level. Water the plants once a week from early autumn until early summer, followed by a completely dry summer dormant period.
The best and easiest way to propagate N. humilis is by means of seeds, which ripen in summer. The seeds are sown in deep seed trays in a well-drained mixture such as equal parts of river sand, silica sand (swimming pool sand), and finely sifted compost. Sprinkle seeds evenly over the surface and cover them with a thin layer of the same mixture. Watering with a fine rose is ideal. When the first leaves appear, water only once every two to three weeks. The little N. humilis seedlings should then be kept dry during summer. Another way of increasing the plants is simply to divide those groups that have become too crowded.
The most important pest encountered with nerines is the lily borer, otherwise known as the amaryllis caterpillar. The tiny caterpillars bore into the leaf, flower or stem tissue and, if left unchecked, will bore into and consume the bulb itself. Spraying plants with a carbaryl-based insecticide usually takes care of the problem. Mealy bugs, thrips and snout beetles are other pests that attack nerines. They can form large colonies and often transmit viral diseases. An effective insecticide used as a drench should eradicate the problem.
References
- Duncan, G. 2002. Grow nerines. Kirstenbosch Gardening Series. National Botanical Institute, Cape Town.
- Germishuizen, G. & Meyer, N.L. 2003. Plants of southern Africa: an annotated checklist. Strelitzia 14. National Botanical Institute, Pretoria.
- Jackson, W.P.U. 1990. Origins and meanings of South African plant genera. University of Cape Town Ecolab., Cape Town.
- Manning, J., Goldblatt, P. & Snijman, D. 2002. The colour encyclopedia of Cape bulbs. Timber Press, Oregon, USA.
- Mustard, P. & Cowling, R. 1997. Southern Overberg. Wild Flower Guide No. 8. Botanical Society of South Africa, Cape Town.
- Smith, C.A. 1966. Common names of South African plants. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa No. 35. Botanical Research Institute, Pretoria. Author Werner Voigt Karoo Desert National Botanical Garden (Worcester) April 2004
Credits
Werner Voigt
Karoo Desert National Botanical Garden
April 2004
Plant Attributes:
Plant Type: Bulb
SA Distribution: Western Cape
Soil type: Sandy, Clay, Loam
Flowering season: Late Summer, Autumn
PH: Acid, Neutral
Flower colour: White, Pink
Aspect: Shade, Morning Sun (Semi Shade), Afternoon Sun (Semi Shade)
Gardening skill: Easy
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